Hue, once the imperial capital of Vietnam, radiates an aura of grandeur and mystery. The heart of this historic city is the Imperial City, a monumental complex housing palaces, temples, and imperial pavilions. It was the seat of power for the Nguyen Dynasty for more than 140 years, from 1802 to 1945. Hue also boasts many other cultural and historical sites, including the tombs of Nguyen emperors. Situated on the banks of the Perfume River, the city offers opportunities for romantic strolls and scenic views.

Discovering the Imperial City of Hue

Inside the Imperial City, each pavilion and garden tells a fascinating story of Vietnam’s imperial era. Visitors can admire richly decorated palaces and temples adorned with detailed carvings. Every architectural element reflects the splendor of this significant period in Vietnamese history.

Built in the early 19th century, the Imperial City was designed to symbolize the majesty and power of the Nguyen Empire. The citadel housed a palatial complex with temples, pavilions, courtyards, and gardens surrounded by massive walls and deep moats. These structures were intricately decorated and deeply symbolic of Vietnamese culture.

The Noon Gate (Ngo Mon)

One of the most remarkable features of the Imperial City is the Noon Gate, an imposing wooden structure topped with a two-story roof. This gate was the main entrance to the citadel but it was only used for official ceremonies and imperial audiences. The central portal was reserved exclusively for the emperor, with its overhanging roof covered in yellow tiles—the imperial color. The other roofs were green, representing mandarins and soldiers. The Pavilion of Five Phoenixes crowned the gate, adding to its grandeur.

Beyond the Noon Gate lies the Courtyard of Honor, where the most important royal ceremonies occurred. It was also here in 1945 that the last emperor, Bao Dai, officially abdicated.

The Pavilion of Splendor (Hiển Lâm Các)

Constructed between 1821 and 1824, the Pavilion of Splendor honors the mandarins who helped restore the Nguyen Dynasty in 1802. Located south of the Temple of Generations, it features a triple-tiered roof and stands alongside the Nine Dynastic Urns, which symbolize the dynasty’s unity and continuity.

Thai Hoa Palace

The Thai Hoa Palace served as the residence of Nguyen emperors and their families. Known for its elegant architecture and lavish decorations, it was the administrative and political center of the empire. This palace hosted imperial audiences and receptions for foreign dignitaries. Nearby, the Queen Mother’s Palace accommodated the emperor’s mother and imperial concubines.

The Nguyen Dynasty Temple

The Imperial City also includes several temples dedicated to the ancestors of the Nguyen Dynasty. The Nguyen Dynasty Temple was a place of prayer and worship for the royal family and their supporters. Annual religious ceremonies honored the memory of the ancestors and sought prosperity for the empire. Visitors have to remove their shoes before entering this sacred site.

The Imperial City Today

Though its former grandeur has been affected by time and conflict, the Imperial City remains a testament to Vietnam’s rich history. Many buildings suffered damage during the Vietnam War, but significant restoration efforts have preserved this UNESCO World Heritage Site. For example, the Kien Trung Palace, once the private residence of the last two emperors, was destroyed in 1947 but reconstructed identically in 2022.

Today, the Imperial City is one of Vietnam’s most popular tourist destinations. Thousands of visitors explore its paved courtyards, admire traditional architecture, and imagine the vibrant life of the imperial court. A visit to the Imperial City is essential for history and culture enthusiasts.

The Imperial Tombs of Hue

Hue’s imperial tombs, scattered along the Perfume River’s picturesque banks, showcase the Nguyen Dynasty’s grandeur. These elaborate complexes housed the remains of emperors and their families and are masterpieces of traditional Vietnamese art and architecture.

The Tomb of Tu Duc: A Tranquil Oasis

Located about five kilometers south of Hue, the Tomb of Tu Duc is one of the largest and most impressive imperial tombs. Built during the reign of Emperor Tu Duc (1848–1883), this sprawling 12-hectare complex features landscaped gardens, artificial lakes, pavilions, and temples.

The tomb’s architecture harmonizes beautifully with its natural surroundings. Buildings are constructed from precious wood and stone, adorned with intricate carvings and traditional motifs. The Luu Khiem Pavilion, overlooking a serene lake, offers breathtaking views and stands out as a highlight of the complex.

Emperor Tu Duc, known for his artistic sensibility and love of poetry, designed this tomb as a peaceful retreat. Visitors can still feel its tranquil atmosphere as they wander through lush gardens and admire the picturesque landscapes.

The Tomb of Khai Dinh: A Fusion of Styles

The Tomb of Khai Dinh, built during the early 20th century, reflects a unique blend of Vietnamese and Western architectural influences. Unlike earlier tombs made primarily of wood, this structure features reinforced concrete, giving it a monumental appearance.

The tomb’s interior is richly adorned with ceramic mosaics, colorful frescoes, and stucco sculptures, showcasing the flamboyant aesthetics of the Art Deco era. Traditional symbols, including dragons and lions, also adorn the sanctuary, blending modernity with Vietnamese heritage.

Despite its opulence, the Tomb of Khai Dinh carries an air of melancholy. Emperor Khai Dinh was unpopular due to his ties with French colonial authorities and the heavy taxes imposed to finance his mausoleum. This controversy, coupled with his untimely death, adds a somber tone to the site.

Exploring Hue Beyond the Imperial City

Hue offers more than just its imperial heritage. The vibrant Phu Hoi district comes alive at night, with its bustling streets illuminated by colorful lights and filled with the sounds of lively conversations. Bars, restaurants, and cafés serve delicious local cuisine and refreshing drinks, making it an ideal spot to unwind.

Getting to Hue

Travelers can choose from several options to reach Hue, depending on their preferences and starting point.

• By Plane: The quickest and most convenient option is to fly to Phu Bai International Airport, located about 15 kilometers from Hue’s city center. Flights are available from major cities like Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City.
• By Train: Hue is accessible by train from cities across Vietnam, offering a comfortable and scenic journey through the countryside.
• By Bus: Long-distance buses provide an affordable way to travel to Hue. They are ideal for budget-conscious travelers who want flexibility.
• By Car: The National Route 1 connects Hue to other major cities, making car rentals a convenient option for those who prefer to explore independently.

Getting to Hue by scooter

Adventurous travelers can rent scooters to explore Hue and its surroundings. This is the option I chose. I rented a scooter in Da Nang for several days. The first day I went to Ba Na Hills about an hour drive from Da Nang. Leaving Ba Na Hills around 3 pm I arrived in Hue 3 hours later via the famous Hai Van Pass road. It was a long day, but the scooter was efficient for visiting the various imperial tombs in complete freedom. On the way back, I stopped at the Cau Hai lagoon. Then, at the Marble Mountains between Da Nang and Hoi An. The scooter was also handy to visit My Song from Hoi An.

Book your public transport in Hue

My recommendation is to book on line your transports with 12go. They have very good fares with the best companies and it is super easy to book.

Conclusion

Hue, with its Imperial City, royal tombs, and vibrant culture, offers a unique glimpse into Vietnam’s imperial past. Whether you marvel at the Noon Gate, stroll through the Tomb of Tu Duc, or savor local delicacies in the Phu Hoi district, Hue promises an unforgettable journey through history and tradition.